Publication: THE SYNTHESIS OF SHOGAOLS, INVESTIGATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES.
Date
2024
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Publisher
IMU University
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe is the plant from which ginger is derived. This is a popular condiment around the world and is recognized for its rich chemical composition, which includes gingerols, gingerdiols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerones. Antibiotic resistance is a serious hazard to public health, hence developing novel antibacterial drugs is urgently needed. Due in large part to its bioactive components, 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol, ginger shows great promise as a source. A major contributor to ginger's antibacterial qualities is shogaol. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties of several shogaol derivatives, specifically 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-shogaol. Aldehyde, zingerone, and dimethylammonium dimethyl carbamate (DIMCARB) were used in the synthesis of these compounds, which were then evaluated against four targeted bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA 1705. Using micro broth dilution and the disc diffusion method, concentrations of tested shogaols ranging from 250 μg/mL to 5000 μg/mL were used for the antibacterial properties screening. With zone inhibition values of 2.1 cm and 1.5 cm, 3-shogaol, notably, demonstrated the greatest efficacy and considerable zone inhibition against S. aureus. Moreover, 3-shogaol showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 μg/mL of all the compounds might be due to its smaller molecular size and higher lipophilicity, which enhance its cellular penetration and bioavailability. According to these results, various shogaols with different side chain lengths could potentially be sources of lead compounds with antibacterial properties, in addition to the well-researched 6-shogaol. 3-shogaol has been subjected to molecular docking studies against S. aureus dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) antibacterial drug target and predicts the binding properties of the ligand-protein complex. Determine the relationship between the reported virtual binding qualities that have been confirmed by experimental data based on the literature.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Zingiber officinale, Nutraceutical, Shogaols.
Description
Keywords
Zingiber officinale, Dietary Supplements, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Staphylococcus aureus