Publication: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (SCFAs) WITH DIETARY INTAKE PATTERN AND BONE HEALTH IN PRE-ADOLESCENT CHILDREN SUPPLEMENTED WITH PREBIOTIC FIBRE
Date
2024
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Publisher
IMU University
Abstract
Background: Adequate calcium intake is essential to maximize peak bone mass during the pre-pubertal stage, consecutively supporting bone growth and development as well as preventing bone disorders at Older ages. However, most Malaysian children do not meet calcium requirements from their habitual diets, thus delving into alternative methods for resolving challenges of low calcium intake is crucial. Supplementation with soluble corn fibre (SCF) has been shown to enhance calcium absorption which further improves bone health. The exact mechanism of the action is unclear, which might be due to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). As SCFAs are mainly produced from indigestible carbohydrate fermentation by gut microbiome, dietary intake patterns may also play a role in determining SCFA levels and consequently affect bone status. Thus, this secondary data analysis aimed to investigate the association between serum SCFAs level with dietary intake patterns and bone health in Malaysian pre-adolescent children as well as the effect of soluble corn fibre on serum SCFAs level.
Methods: A secondary data analysis from the PREBONE-Kids study, with 243 children aged 9-11 were included. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary intake was assessed using a 7-days diet history and food intake was further categorised into 23 food groups based on nutrient composition and preparation methods. Dietary intake patterns were then determined based on Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI), which consists Of I l components, and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) questionnaire that comprised Of 16 components. Serum SCFAs were firstly extracted with methanol solvent, followed by measurement of SCFAs using gas chromatography coupled to a (flame-ionization detection detector. Serum SCFA levels were then quantified based on calibration standards.
Results: Serum total SCFAs level was inversely correlated with TB BMI) (r (1 1 7) -0.183, p = 0.047). Specific food groups had a significant correlation with serum SCFAs level such as sweetened condensed milk (r (117) = -O. 184, p = 0.046), Sugafr sweetened beverages (r (1 17) = 0.183, p = 0.047), and whole grain (r (1 1 7) = -0.209, p = 0.022). However, dietary intake pattern was not associated with serum SCFAS level (p > 0.05). Significant differences in BMI) and BMC were found among dietary intake pattern groups based on either the M-HEI or KIDMED questionnaire, in which the group with healthier dietary intake patterns had higher bone parameters. Also, KIDMED score had been found to predict BMD (Total body (TB) BMD: =
0.146, p < 0.001; Total body less head (TBLH) BMI): - 0.081,p - 0.008), and BMC (TB BMC: = 0.507, p < 0.001; TBLH BMC: ß = 0.059, p < 0.001) among the study population. There were no significant effect Of SCF on acetic acid (p I .000), propionic acid (p = 1.000), and butyric acid (p = 1.000) over time. Conclusion: The study found that a healthier dietary intake pattern was associated with better BMD and BMC. In addition, although serum SCFAs were associated with specific foods, serum SCFAs were not associated with any specific dietary intake pattern. Also, BMD and BMC were associated with KIDMED score. The supplementation of soluble corn fibre (SCF) did not impact the concentration of serum SCFAs, which amrmed the result Of the PREBONE-Kids study that no added benefit Of SCF supplementation on bone mass. Further research is essential to support the findings as well as to comprehend the mechanism of SCF in the study population.
Keywords: Bone health, dietary pattern, pre-adolescent children, short-chain fatty acids, soluble corn fibre
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Keywords
Dietary Patterns, Calcification, Physiologic, Bone Development, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Gastrointestinal Microbiome