Publication: COMPARISON OF GUT AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT BACTERIAL COMPOSITION AND URINE METABOLOMICS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND NON-DIABETES SUBJECTS
Date
2024
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Publisher
IMU University
Abstract
Diabetes is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder that stands as an independent risk factor for respiratory infection which was identified as the second leading cause of premature mortality in Malaysia in 2018. The gut microbiome is fundamental for physiological metabolic and immunological processes both locally and at distant sites for instance the pulmonary termed the gut-lung axis. Such inter-organ crosstalk occurs mainly via the translocation of metabolites. The implication of the gut-lung axis becomes evident following the identification of perturbated gut microbial composition, termed gut dysbiosis, among those with diabetes who are more susceptible to respiratory infections. However, such an association in the Malaysian diabetic population is underexplored. In this study, we aim to examine the carriage rate of upper respiratory tract pathobionts, and to identify the gut microbial and metabolome signatures related to diabetes. A total of 31 Type 2 diabetics and 14 controls were recruited from Hospital Putrajaya and public community. Each subject provided nasopharyngeal (NP), urine and stool samples. DNA was extracted from NP and stool samples and analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing targeting V3-V4 hypervariable regions. Urine samples were analysed using 1H-NMR. In the gut microbiome of diabetics, beneficial short chain fatty acid producing bacteria Dorea sp, Diallister sp. and Romboutsia illealis were reduced. Significantly higher levels of urinary D-sorbitol and taurine were reported in diabetics. A higher prevalence of opportunistic respiratory pathogens S. agalactiae and M. catarrhalis were observed among diabetics. These changes in gut microbiome and urine metabolome are linked to impaired general immunity, which may contribute to the observed enrichment of respiratory pathogens and potentially raising susceptibility to respiratory infections. These results would shed light on developing novel and targeted therapies for diabetes and associated respiratory infections.
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Keywords
Respiratory Tract Infections, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Microbiota, Urinary Metabolomics, Bacterial Infections, Metabolomics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome