Theses (MBA In Healthcare Management)

There is a substantial body of literature that examines health insurance participation among the general population in Malaysia. However, limited attention has been directed to the involvement of healthcare personnel in Malaysia in relation to their participation in health insurance. The primary aim of this research is to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors, attitude, general perceptions, and perceptions regarding health insurance benefits and ease of claims on the participation in personal health insurance among healthcare personnel in a private and a public hospital in Malaysia. This study employed self-administered questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument. The findings of the study indicate a notable disparity with regard to the participation in personal health insurance between gender, professional category, and healthcare sector that the healthcare personnel work in. Whereas there is no statistically significant difference found between age and length of service in relation to participation in personal health insurance among healthcare personnel. Furthermore, a significant and strong positive correlation exists between individuals' attitude, general perceptions, and perceptions of health insurance benefits, and their likelihood of engaging in personal health insurance. Having said that, collaboration among government bodies, healthcare institutions, and insurance providers in Malaysia is crucial to effectively implement programmes, strategies, and initiatives that aim to improve awareness and comprehension among healthcare personnel in Malaysia regarding the significance of personal health insurance. Keywords: Health insurance Participation, Attitude, General Perception, Benefits

Aims: With the rapid proliferation of data in healthcare it has provided an opportune platform creation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has brought a paradigm shift for healthcare professionals, promising improvement in delivery and quality. This study aims to determine the perception of healthcare personnel on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm toward attitude for artificial intelligence acceptance. Methods: This is a cross-sectional single institutional study of employees’ perception of adopting AI in the hospital. The study population is all healthcare personnel of a private hospital. The inclusion criteria include all healthcare personnel involved with clinical management such as doctors, nurses, and others. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire adapted from Technology Acceptance Model and a four-point Likert scale was used for the measurement variables in this study. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. Results: There were 96 respondents. This study started off with three hypotheses but has found that only two hypotheses have been accepted and one hypothesis has been rejected. H2 to H3 perceived usefulness and subjective norm respectively, showed positive relationship between their perception on artificial intelligence acceptance and were accepted However, H1 which was ease of use, was rejected as it did not generate a positive relationship between ease of use on attitude and artificial intelligence acceptance. Conclusion: This study has shown the significant relationship and the importance of ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm to the acceptance of AI. In the study results, there are determining factor and mostly those with most interaction with the patients and clinical management have a strong acceptance of AI in their practices. Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Acceptance, Healthcare, Healthcare Professionals

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immense impact on healthcare systems worldwide particularly in terms of infection control measures. Hospital Sungai Buloh has implemented a novel walk-away queuing system for outpatient clinics, namely the iQMS. This system enables infection control via facilitating social distancing whilst waiting for their appointments and affords waiting location flexibility. However, the factors affecting outpatients’ intention to use the iQMS is yet unknown, and this is the subject of this study. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Perceived System Usability and sociodemographic factors were used to study this relationship. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative design utilizing a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data. The questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic factors, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Intention to use the iQMS and Perceived System Usability. Two hundred and fifty-four respondents completed the questionnaire, corresponding to a response rate of 87.8%. The questionnaire showed satisfactory construct validity, discriminant validity and reliability. Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use had a significant impact on the Intention to use the iQMS, while Perceived System Usability showed a moderate positive relationship with the Perceived Ease of Use. Sociodemographic factors did not influence the Intention to use the iQMS. In conclusion, the Intention to use the iQMS is associated with the Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness of the system. Keywords: COVID-19, Queue Management System, Technology Acceptance Model, System Usability Scale

Aims: With the increasing complexity of healthcare system, there has been an increase in the need for more healthcare managers to manage the delivery of health services. Studies have shown that organizations with management practices, strong leadership, and clinically qualified managers have had greater performances. The application of Evidence-Based Medicine has long existed, which have led to the idea of applying the same within the field of management – Evidence-Based Management (EBMgt). This study therefore aims to understand the intention of these healthcare leaders to apply the practice of EBMgt in their decision-making process. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 234 healthcare managers in major private healthcare facilities in Malaysia. An online survey was distributed to healthcare managers from 58 private hospitals in Malaysia with MSQH accreditation. The survey was adapted from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and a fivepoint Likert scale was used for the measurement variables in this study. The data collected was exported to IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. Results: Attitude towards use of EBMgt has a direct positive effect on intention to use (β = 0.489, p ˂0.05) and so as with subjective norm which also indicated a direct positive effect on intention to use (β = 0.317, p ˂ 0.05). However, perceived behavioural control was found not to be statistically significant (β = -0.038, p ˂ 0.47) in relation to intention to use EBMgt. Conclusion: Attitude and subjective norms were significant to predict healthcare managers’ intention to use EBMgt which will likely lead to actual use of EBMgt in their decision making. Key words: Evidence-based management, EBMgt, Attitude, Subjective norm, Perceived behavioural control, Intention, Healthcare management.

As technology advances, the interest to transition towards digitisation has also increased. The challenges of telemedicine occur from lack of knowledge and technology adaptability, which may arise due to demographic alignment. This quantitative study seeks to use the TAM to investigate the relationship between factors perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude towards the intention to use telemedicine. In addition, the study will explore attitude as the main mediating factor on the intention to use telemedicine. A 19 self administered questionnaire with 210 respondents from private hospitals in Malaysia who have undergone telemedicine between the full-lockdown period. The descriptive analysis uses SEM-PLS path method for modelling relationship analysis. Results showed a strong relationship between all the mediating effects of attitude towards the intention to use telemedicine, and a negative relationship was found between the direct relationship of perceived usefulness and behavioural intention. This study concluded that attitude is more important than perceived beliefs as the determinant of the intention to use telemedicine. Keywords: Telemedicine, Intention to Use, Digital Healthcare, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, Perceived Ease of Use, Patient-Physician Relationship

Objectives To assess the rate of Influenza Like Illness (ILI) among influenza vaccinated and non-vaccinated employees on rate of absenteeism and presenteeism due to ILI, and to estimate the cost benefit of influenza vaccination in workplace from the employer’s perspective. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted amongst employees of a private hospital voluntarily vaccinated, were compared with non-vaccinated employees matched for age, sex, and job category. The outcome of cost-benefit analysis was evaluated by self-reporting on absenteeism and presenteeism from work related to ILI. Costs and benefits of the influenza vaccination from the employer point of view were calculated. Analyses were performed with SPSS 23.0. Results A total of four hundred and twenty-one respondents participated in this study. The influenza vaccination rate in this group was 63.0 % (n=265). The non-vaccinated were 37.0 % (n=156). The rate of ILI was lower among vaccinated (17.0 %) compared to non-vaccinated (47.0 %). The ILI related absenteeism reported was 40.0 % by vaccinated employees compared to 57.5 % by non-vaccinated employee, with absenteeism rate of 0.16 day per employee and 1.05 day per employee respectively. This led to a 6.5 times higher absenteeism rate amongst the non-vaccinated. The influenza vaccination strategy reduced absenteeism due to ILI by 84.8 %. Influenza vaccination was financially beneficial, with savings for employer of up to RM 79.41 per vaccinated employee when only labour cost was included (54.0 % cost saving). The cost saving drastically rise to RM 708.15 (71.0 % cost saving) when the operating income per employee was also incorporated. Conclusions Implementing an influenza vaccination program would reduce the burden o ILI and save substantial amount of financial reserves for the company. This study showed that influenza vaccination for working adults on average is cost saving and cost beneficial when translated into financial investments for the employer. It has significant impact averting cost of absenteeism and presenteeism. The approach on economic evaluation and cost benefit analysis used in this study can be applied to other workplace vaccination strategies in their settings. Keywords: Influenza vaccination, workplace, Influenza Like Illness, absenteeism, presenteeism, cost and benefit.

Augmented Reality (AR) technology and its applications in various industries and sectors within healthcare itself has been increasingly popular and on-demand as the world approaches Industrial Revolution 4.0. With its enormous and continuously progressive advancements in the healthcare industry, basic yet vital services like consultations can be further improved with the integration of technologies. This study proposed a conceptual framework derived from 2 underlying theories; the Technological Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour model using the constructs Perceived Ease Of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Enjoyment, mediated by behavioural Intention To Use, towards patient’s Actual Usage of AR technology application in aiding their consultations with their healthcare professionals. A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed via online administration through social media platforms and internal emails of the International Medical University. 539 responses have been selected by simple sampling technique. All hypothesis proposed in this study’s conceptual framework has been found to be significantly positive in ultimately influencing an individual’s eventual usage of AR technology application in facilitating consultations. These results revealed the interrelationships of the constructs involved, thus enhancing our understanding on the factors of AR to be used in aiding consultations sessions. The findings of this study have some important practical implications for the improvement of conventional consultation methods so as to improve patients’ understanding which has an impact on their overall health compliance and outcome.

Technological evolution has revolutionized surgical procedures with robotic surgery emerging as a minimally invasive approach that offers a greater precision and faster recovery. However, the acceptance of robotic surgery in the Southeast Asia including Malaysia lags behind United States and Europe countries. Misconceptions and limited understanding still persisting, particularly among generation X individuals facing increasing health challenges. Concerns about costs, fears and scepticism lead to the preference for traditional surgery. The study aims to identify the determinants influencing the actual acceptance of robotic surgery. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) were used to identify determinates influencing actual acceptance. An online Google survey was distributed via purposive sampling to Generation X individuals with medical conditions and surgical history, particularly those visiting private hospitals. Results showed a positive correlation between modern technology use and perceived benefits with intention to accept robotic surgery, while familiarity and perceived concern had a negative impact (p<0.05). Behavioural intentions significantly influenced actual acceptance (p<0.05) and moderated relationships between variables. Greater use of modern technology, perceived benefits, and intention to accept are linked to increased acceptance of robotic surgery, while higher familiarity and perceived concerns may reduce acceptance. Healthcare organizations and policymakers should address safety, malfunctions, and costing concerns to enhance acceptance, especially as robotic surgery is still in early stages in Malaysia. Keywords: Behavioural intentions, Actual acceptance, Robotic surgery, Generation X, Healthcare

Malaysian university students undertook online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, mainly through virtual learning environments. This study aims to investigate students’ actual use behavior of virtual learning environments, the factors that influence actual use behavior, the moderating effect of network connectivity on this relationship, as well as challenges faced by students while using this technology. To test the hypotheses that the modified Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 variables affect actual use behavior, an online survey was distributed via email to IMU students. The results after analysis showed that hedonic motivation, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use significantly affected actual use behavior, while network connectivity had no significant moderating effect on these relationships. Moreover, hedonic motivation had the strongest effect on actual use behavior, followed by perceived usefulness. Also, key challenges include high cost associated with usage, and inadequate network connectivity. These results indicate students will be inclined to accept the technology if there is high hedonic motivation, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Universities should focus on enhancing these factors to increase acceptance of this technology among students, as virtual learning environments have untapped potential for distance learning. Keywords: Virtual Learning Environment; Network Connectivity; COVID-19; Technology Acceptance

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus disease 2019 raged across the world and was an international public health threat. It caused significant impacts to health, both physically and psychologically. The quarantine measures imposed caused economic, education and social disruptions. The escalated usage of face masks and personal protective equipment’s (PPE’s) created massive wastage that impacted the environment negatively whilst many lost their livelihoods and sources of income. Globally as of 19 July 2023, there have been 768,237,778 confirmed cases of COVID-19 including 6,951,677 deaths reported to WHO (WHO, 2023). This study aimed to determine factors associated with consumers intention to continue using face mask due to COVID-19 pandemic using “The Health Belief Model (HBM)”, a cross-sectional study in Malaysian respondents from May to August of 2022. During this time, COVID -19 was still declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). The end of the pandemic was only declared year later in May 2023. Methods: A total of 282 respondents, aged 18 and above who declared to have worn face masks in the last one year all across Malaysia were surveyed. The survey instrument included socio- demographic data and measures on the four main constructs for HBM, namely perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Cues to action and self-efficacy were left out as not all previous studies using the HBM included them. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done using SPSS version 25 software to determine rates and predictors of face mask wearing. Results: Perceived susceptibility was the only HBM construct that was found to be a significant predictor for consumers intention to continue using face mask. Socio-demographic factors had no effect on face mask wearing probably due to a very high rate of mask wearing compliance in the community at that point in time. Additional survey questions found that 84% of respondents would wear a mask due to family reasons such as wanting to protect their family or feeling encouraged by their family to do so. Respondents also reported preferring cheaper, single use face masks as opposed to reusable ones, surgical masks as opposed to non-surgical face masks and face masks with no aesthetic appeal. Conclusion: The Health Belief Model is a useful model in identifying factors that determine face mask wearing. These findings can be used for effective planning of health education and programmes by health organizations. It can also assist the government in creating policies in relation to face mask to increase its compliance as well as guide face mask production for the global market of face masks. KEY WORDS: Health Belief Model, COVID-19 preventive behaviour, Face Masks

The quantification or description of people's use of healthcare services for the aim of preventing and curing health issues, improving health and well-being, or obtaining information about their condition and prognosis of health is known as healthcare utilisation. Population ageing is a widespread, global phenomena with societal and national consequences. To deal with this demographic trend, there is a necessity for more financial resources to be allocated to healthcare services. A previous study carried out in Malaysia on healthcare utilization among older persons was focused on Northern region only but not in the southern region. Utilization of outpatient services and in-patient services among older persons is not documented in the Johor region unlike northern region of Malaysia. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence healthcare utilization among older persons in Johor region using Andersen’s behavioural model. A survey was carried out among those aged 65 and above in urban and rural region of Johor. Inpatient care was significantly justified by predisposing, enabling and need factors while outpatient care was more significantly justified by predisposing factor as well as need factor than enabling factor. Theoretical and practical implications for delivering health services to older persons in Johor are proposed in this study. Additionally, assessing the general characteristics of older persons by focusing on their health-care utilisation gives information for developing health-care programs and policies in light of the recent rise in health-care concerns. Keywords: Healthcare utilization; Predisposing factors; Enabling factors; Need factors;

The shortage of Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLS) in private healthcare laboratories is a growing concern due to its impact on laboratory operations and healthcare service delivery. This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to turnover intention, focusing on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work engagement. A survey was conducted among MLS in private hospitals across Klang Valley, Malaysia. The results showed that organizational commitment significantly reduces turnover intention. The study underscores the need for strategic interventions, including enhanced organizational support, promoting stronger emotional and professional ties between employees and organization, and fostering a culture of shared value to retain skilled MLS. The results provide valuable insights for healthcare administrators and policymakers in addressing workforce retention challenges in private healthcare laboratories.

Background: Telemedicine is a new technology innovation in Malaysia, but it plays an increasingly important role in the country’s healthcare system. In response to the limited discussion regarding its acceptance by people, this study aims to increase knowledge about telemedicine adoption factors in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among residents residing in Malaysia. Data was collected through an online survey. A total of 403 respondents participated in the survey. The results were analysed using the PLS-SEM method. Results: It was found that the service quality, user satisfaction and perceived usefulness play a significant and important role in affecting users’ intention to adopt telemedicine services. Perceived ease of use is however not significantly influencing the adoption of telemedicine. The results also confirmed the moderating role of user satisfaction on the relationship between service quality, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on telemedicine acceptance. Conclusions: Although most Malaysians were willing to use telemedicine services to manage their health condition, they insisted on quality service and a useful system. Since telemedicine is still in its infancy in Malaysia, further research is needed to determine its impact on patients' quality of healthcare service. Keywords: telemedicine, service quality, user satisfaction, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, behavioural intention, technology adoption

Introduction: Malaysian population is predicted to increase to 41 million people by year 2040 and ageing population is expected to increase to 14.5%. WHO emphasised on healthy ageing frame work and the need to study multiple factors such as financial support, medical care, life-long learning and evolvement of technology in relation to the selection of healthy retirement environment in Malaysia. Objective: To determine the factors influencing customer’s decision and relationship on selection of healthy retirement environment Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Greater Kuala Lumpur and Sabah. Samples were stratified using probability purposive sampling. Two thousand seven hundred and fifty cover letters and questionnaires were mailed or using WhatsApp electronically to selected respondents. Mail survey respondents returned 369 usable questionnaires yielding a 14.5% response rate. Results were analysed using structural model and the hypothesis testing. Result: It was found that the factors influencing consumer’s decision showed that the perception towards financial planning, receptiveness towards health insurance and lifelong learning programme are positively related to selection of healthy retirement environment. Technology advancement is however not significantly related to healthy retirement environment. Conclusion: To achieve provision of care for successful healthy ageing, this study showed that multiple services components namely perception towards financial planning, receptiveness towards health insurance and lifelong learning program provided by care provider are favourable components of retirement environment for elderly health. Although the results showed that technology advancement was not significantly related to healthy retirement environment, it is shown in other studies that it is an important part of the infrastructure of an institutional care provider to facilitate the services as a basic element for environment support. However, the concern on data privacy and the data protection should made priority to the residents for security and safety purposes. Keywords: healthy retirement, healthy retirement environment, healthy ageing, financial planning, health insurance, lifelong learning program, technology advancement

Background: Internships, also known as industrial training, is an opportunity to integrate work experience into tertiary education curricula, acting as a bridge between academia and industry for students. Regardless of its wide practice and significance, limited empirical work has been conducted to inquire about the predictors of internship satisfaction among the healthcare student population. Aims: This study aims to determine the relationship between the factors of organisational environment, job characteristics, job prospects, university support and individual factors towards student internship satisfaction. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional study design was carried out by utilising an online self-administered survey with question items adapted from existing literature. Across two months period, a total of 158 usable responses were collected among the healthcare undergraduate student population from a private medical and health sciences university in Malaysia. Results: Hypothesis testing on the relationship between the five independent variables and internship satisfaction were conducted through multiple linear regression analysis. Findings suggested that organisational environment, job characteristics, job prospects and individual factors have a positive and statistically significant relationship with internship satisfaction among healthcare undergraduate students. Conclusion: Relevant stakeholders should pay close attention to enriching these identified factors within an internship program as it has shown to play a role in student internship satisfaction.

Objectives To determine the relationship between quality of medical services; physician’s consultation, information to patient, physical environment, perceived service costs, service provisioning and to calculate opportunity revenue for recommendation to relatives/ friends/ others. on patient satisfaction towards their loyalty. Methods This was a single-centre cross-sectional survey conducted in a private hospital. It was conducted between the month of April 2020 and August 2020. The target population was outpatients who received treatment or consultation at Nilai Medical Centre during the study period. Selection of respondents was conducted using simple random sampling had been generated by auto-generated hospital database from 2,324 patients that visited outpatient from April until August 2020. Questionnaires were sent out to selected patients via e-mail due to recent pandemic which does not allow interaction with patients physically. There were 209 questionnaires returned as the sample sizes for this study. Results A total of 209 respondents were involved in this study. Data that have been collected through questionnaires were used to test the model using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings showed that physician’s consultation, information to patient, physical environment and perceived service costs positively influence patients’ satisfaction and loyalty. Service provisioning processes, however, was not significantly influence patients’ satisfaction and loyalty. This study reconciles these discrepancies by providing a more comprehensive explanation to the patients’ loyalty. For this, a research model was developed to identify and evaluate the factors of the patients’ loyalty. Conclusion This study found that patients’ satisfaction mediates the relationship between physician consultation, information to patient, physical environment, perceived service costs and patient loyalty. Meanwhile, patients’ satisfaction plays a role on the relationship towards patient loyalty. This study contributes towards a better understanding of the patients’ satisfaction in private healthcare industry particularly in Malaysia. Notably, the findings emphasize the importance of patients’ loyalty as a strategy to help private hospital increase their revenue. Therefore, the findings from the study are useful for the private healthcare policy makers by providing high quality services, improving patients’ satisfaction, and ultimately promoting revisiting and recommending medical services to others. Key words Physician’s Consultation, Information to Patient, Physical Environment, Perceived Service Costs, Service Provisioning Processes, Satisfaction, Loyalty

The public health system in Malaysia is overworked and underfunded, which ultimately causes the private health industry to provide personal health insurance. The insurance industry has direct relevance to the research topic. This study focuses on Personal Health Insurance (PHI) — a product directly offered and managed by insurance companies and Takaful operators. Purchase intention and purchasing decisions fall squarely within the core business operations of insurance product sales, customer acquisition, and policy retention. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing PHI purchase is strategically important for insurance companies to improve product design, marketing strategies, and sales effectiveness. There are frequent and long waiting periods for public health services, due to this, many patients choose to get personal health insurance to avoid the long waiting periods in public health services. Investigating the link between attitude, perceived usefulness, and insurance literacy and the intention to get personal health insurance, as well as the moderating influence of income level on the decision to purchase PHI, is the goal of this study. There are 218 participants in this quantitative study that uses non-probability convenience sampling. Distribution of online surveys with question items modified from earlier research like Al Mamun et al. (21) & Nomi & Sabbir (25) was used to gather data. Prior to the start of extensive data collecting, a PILOT Test was carried out to guarantee the questionnaire's dependability. Initial testing was conducted to assess the data's dependability. The data was compiled and analyzed using SPSS software, and the Multiple Regression Testing as well as Chi-Squared Test measurement was utilized to test the hypothesis. The findings of this study was conducted in Malaysia to indicate that insurance literacy has no significant link with purchasing intention towards PHI. However, attitude and perceived usefulness has a significant link with purchasing intention towards PHI. Regarding the income level, there are various mitigating factors that influenced the decision to purchase PHI. In light of this study, several suggestions were made for further investigation. Keywords: factors influencing purchase intention, attitude, perceived usefulness, insurance literacy, personal health insurance (PHI), income level, moderating effect, purchase decision

The term "mHealth applications" refers to mobile applications or software programs that leverage wireless technologies on smartphones. The widespread availability of these mobile health (mHealth) applications presents significant opportunities for promoting employee wellness within confined workplaces. The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing the actual use of wellness-related (mHealth) applications among employees at IMU University in Malaysia and to clarify how behavioral intentions impact their usage patterns. This research employs a quantitative cross-sectional design, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire completed online. The questionnaire links two theoretical frameworks. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has perceived usefulness and ease of use constructs. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), with its constructs of performance and effort expectations, social influences, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intention. Together these models help predict how employees accept technology, particularly in understanding the actual utilization of mHealth applications. Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression analysis was applied to the collected data to evaluate the actual utilization of mHealth apps. A total of 148 responses were obtained, representing a 52% response rate. Factor analysis revealed a strong construct validity with factor loadings ranging from 0.552 to 0.940 across all constructs. The measurement instrument demonstrated high reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. The study demonstrated Ease of use with a mean score of 3.79 followed by Performance and Effort Expectations with a mean score of 3.73, Facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness had more impact, while Social Influence exhibited limited impact, with a mean score of 2.86. The high mean score (3.52) reflects a general willingness among staff to integrate mHealth wellness apps into their daily routines, if the applications meet their expectations. Behavioral Intention is found to be the most significant predictor showing a strong standardized coefficient (β = 0.580, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study highlights that behavioral intention is the only predictor with significant relationship with the dependent variable i.e the usage frequency. Social influence as a variable had the least influence on the actual utilization of wellness mobile health applications among IMU university employees. Factors such as performance expectations, perceived usefulness, ease of use, and facilitating conditions play an important role in shaping user perceptions, they are not significant predictors of application use. The evaluation of factors influencing mHealth wellness apps among heavy, moderate, and minimal users is more valuable. The actual utilization data from mobile phones or smart watches will be more accurate than looking at self-perception. Key words: mHealth apps, wellness related apps, healthcare university employee, technology acceptance, smart phones.

The transition to Electronic Health Records (EHRs) from paper-based patient records has presented various challenges, such as coordinating care, usability of software interfaces, privacy and cybersecurity issues, new types of medication errors, and psychological distress leading to burnout and a negative user experience. Similar difficulties have been observed in a specialized health center in Saudi Arabia that recently implemented new EHRs software with nurses expressing dissatisfaction towards the changes. This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors influencing the adoption of EHRs among nurses in Saudi Arabia. It employed a non-experimental cross-sectional research design with 141 clinical nurses participating. Drawing inspiration from several theories including Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Technology Adoption Model, Diffusion of Innovation Model and Technology-Organization-Environment Framework; the proposed conceptual framework sought to establish relationships between EHRs usability digital competency attitude toward technology usage organizational training with perceived usefulness ease-of-use. Lastly it explores the role these variables play in fostering adoption of EHRs system. The results showed positive associations between usability, digital competency, attitude toward technologies, and organizational training with how easily adoptable the system was. The study did not explore the demographic implications on the adoption or whether a representative sample size could limit its applicability. Self-report questionnaires may introduce bias; however, despite this limitation, the innovative framework and insights provided could serve as a valuable foundation for further research in the field of health information systems.

Travel insurance is becoming more widely recognised as a critical financial safeguard against unforeseen travel-related complications on a global scale. However, its adoption rate in Malaysia remains below the global average, necessitating a deeper understanding of the contributing factors. This quantitative study investigates the behaviours and perceptions of Malaysian travellers, with a particular emphasis on the Klang Valley region, to provide actionable insights for boosting travel insurance adoption in Malaysia. This study investigates the impact of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on the intention to purchase travel insurance, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as its foundation. Furthermore, it incorporates insurance literacy as an additional predictor into the TPB model. A bilingual online questionnaire was implemented to gather data from travellers in the Klang Valley, employing non-random sampling. The results indicate that demographic variables, including age, education, income, attitudes, risk perceptions, and travel insurance knowledge significantly influence purchase intentions. These insights can assist the insurance industry and policymakers in promoting travel insurance, thereby fostering socioeconomic development through the tourism sector.